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„St Stefan” (St Stephen) Tower, spiral stairs, Baia Mare, Romania
Transilvania

Stephen's Tower (Romanian: Turnul Ştefan; Hungarian: Szent István-torony) is a tower located on Citadel Square in Baia Mare, Romania. Over 40 metres (130 ft) high and built in a neo-Gothic style, it is a symbol of the city.

 
Eventually used for strategic observation and detecting fires, Stephen's Tower was initially a bell tower for Saint Stephen's church, built in 1347-76 as the only double-naved church in mediaeval northwest Transylvania. The church (50.6 m long and 19 m wide, with naves 25 m long), though not quite finished, was dedicated in 1387, when it was first mentioned as St. Stephen's. The bell tower was added in 1446 on the church's southwest side; it was begun during John Hunyadi's reign in honour of his 1442 victory over the Ottomans near the Ialomiţa River and completed in 1468 under his son Matthias Corvinus.
 
In the mid-16th century the tower and church were partly destroyed by powerful lightning. The tower was rebuilt in 1559-61; the church passed from Roman Catholic to Reformed control in 1588. In 1619 both structures underwent a thorough restoration: the tower received a new roof, high and sharp-pointed, in the shape of a square-based pyramid. In 1628 four mechanical clocks with moons (one on each face), manufactured by a Prešov clockmaker, replaced the tower's bell. Another lightning-induced fire in 1647 devastated the church and tower. Yet another fire seriously damaged both structures when they were again hit by lightning in 1769. The tower was rebuilt the following year, when the gallery was raised a level and the roof redone in Baroque onion-dome style. The church was in ruins and repairs estimated to be very costly, so the authorities decided to demolish its remaining walls in 1847 using gunpowder; the former church site became a park in 1856, with Ferenc Schulz's 1870 plan for rebuilding it remaining unimplemented,[4] and only the bell tower remained standing. This was destroyed by fire in 1869 and rebuilt in 1898-99 in neo-Gothic style, a form it preserves to this day.
 
The aged light green slate roof was damaged by a storm in 2007; repairs, finished the following year at a cost to the city of some €200,000, included its replacement with a copper roof.

 source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%27s_Tower_(Baia_Mare)

 

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Copyright: Marin Giurgiu
Type: Spherical
Resolution: 10800x5400
Taken: 21/11/2011
Uploaded: 02/02/2012
Vizualizari:

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Tags: tower; monument; stone; stairs; spiral
More About Transilvania

Transilvania cuprinde partea centrală a României, respectiv Depresiunea Transilvaniei şi versantele carpatice ce se înclină spre aceasta. Pe teritoriul Transilvaniei se află 10 judeţe: Alba, Bistriţa-Năsăud, Braşov, Cluj, Covasna, Harghita, Hunedoara, Mureş, Sălaj şi Sibiu.Noţiunea Transilvania are, sub aspect geografico-politic, două accepţiuni distincte: prima se referă, într-un sens restrictiv, doar la regiunea intracarpatică, delimitată de Carpaţii Orientali, Carpaţii Meridionali şi, la vest, de Carpaţii Occidentali (Munţii Apuseni). Această macrozonă a fost denumită în evul mediu Voievodatul Transilvaniei sau Transilvania voievodală („ţara de dincolo de pădure”), suprafaţa ei totală măsurând aproximativ 57.000 km².Al doilea sens al denumirii se referă, prin extensie, de asemeni la Maramureş, Crişana, Sătmar, ţinut cunoscut şi sub denumirea Partium, adică „părţile” dinspre Ungaria, alăturate după mijlocul secolului al XVI-lea nucleului istoric de pe podişul transilvan, constituind împreună Principatul Transilvaniei (vezi titulatura principelui Transilvaniei: „princeps Transilvaniae, partium regni Hungariae dominus...”). Adică: judeţele (comitatele) Maramureş, Sălaj, Satu Mare, Bihor şi Arad. Suprafaţa regiunii Partium a fost chiar mai mare. De exemplu, potrivit tratatului de la Speyer (1571), din Partium făceau parte judeţele (comitatele) Maramureş, Bihor, Zărand, Solnocul de Mijloc, Crasna, provincia (ţara) Chioarului şi judeţele (comitatele) Arad şi Severin.Uneori, Transilvaniei i se dă un sens foarte larg, aceasta desemnând teritoriul românesc de la vest de Carpaţii Orientali şi nord de Carpaţii Meridionali, astfel incluzând şi Banatul. Caracterul fluctuant al conţinutului termenului se explică prin evoluţia complexă, istorico-politică, a regiunii din epoca postromană până în timpurile moderne.Suprafaţa totală a Transilvaniei, împreună cu Banat, Crişana, Sătmar şi Maramureş, însumează 100.293 km², care repreprezintă 42,1% din totalul suprafeţei României. Populaţia ce trăieşte în acest spaţiu numără 7.221.733 locuitori, cifră care reprezintă aproximativ o treime din cea a populaţiei României.


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